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无像差显微镜光学组件的互动优化
光学显微镜旨在放大肉眼不可见的物体。为此需要采用高品质光学器件来获得优秀的分辨率。但是,所有光学组件都会对光路中的光线带来负面的影响,最终导致像差。本文将重点介绍此过程中涉及的光学元件及其物理参数。在此基础上,本文对减少像差的方法原理进行了一次历史概述。结果表明,将显微镜看作一个整体系统有助于协调其各个组件并获得最佳微观结果。
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共聚焦显微镜的主分光装置
当前荧光显微镜采用入射照明,这需要将照明和发射光分开。传统的分光设备是一个颜色依赖的分光镜,它具有固定的光谱参数,并通常在指定的波长带内透射90%至98%的发射光。透射率依赖于波长,但也受到技术、设计和实验需求的影响。声光光束分割器(AOBS)则是一种可自由调节的反射缺口设备,平均95%的发射光在这些狭窄的缺口间透射。
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光激活、光转化和光控开关荧光蛋白
荧光蛋白(FP)如GFP、YFP或DsRed都是可视化观察活细胞中细胞组分的强大工具。尽管如此,目前仍然会有传统FP达到极限的情形发生。普通FP无法观察特定兴趣蛋白中专有、空间有限的蛋白质群体,因为它们在整个细胞中都有表达。此时,光激活、光转化和光控开关荧光蛋白就登上了舞台。荧光套件中的成员可以从非荧光状态激活,可以改变发射光谱,甚至可以逆转式地“开启和关闭”。借助这些“光学荧光笔”,研究人员可以…
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共聚焦显微镜针孔效应
在操作共聚焦显微镜,或在讨论这种装置的特性和参数时,我们不可避免地提到针孔及其直径。这篇简短的文章是针对那些没有足够时间钻研共聚焦显微镜的理论和细节但又想了解针孔效应的用户们来解释针孔的意义。
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Rodent and Small-Animal Surgery
Learn how you can perform rodent (mouse, rat, hamster) and small-animal surgery efficiently with a microscope for developmental biology and medical research applications by reading this article.
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Navigating Through the Brain
One of the challenges of neurosurgery is orientation at the surgical site. When resecting tumors, removing arteriovenous malformations, or clipping aneurysms, surgeons often have to work near healthy…
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Milestones in Incident Light Fluorescence Microscopy
Since the middle of the last century, fluorescence microscopy developed into a bio scientific tool with one of the biggest impacts on our understanding of life. Watching cells and proteins with the…
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Milestones in Incident Light Fluorescence Microscopy
Since the middle of the last century, fluorescence microscopy developed into a bio scientific tool with one of the biggest impacts on our understanding of life. Watching cells and proteins with the…